Journal: PLoS ONE
Article Title: Nanoparticle Incorporation of Melittin Reduces Sperm and Vaginal Epithelium Cytotoxicity
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095411
Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A and B ) Size and zeta potential of anti-SPAM1 NPs and anti-SPAM1-mel-NPs immediately following preparation. ( C ) Fluorescence of sperm-bound blank NPs and anti-SPAM1 NPs following incubation with sperm for 30 minutes and removal of unbound NPs by density gradient centrifugation. Control samples did not contain sperm and were used to determine background fluorescence due to remaining unbound NPs. ( D ) Standard curve of blank NP and anti-SPAM1 NP fluorescence used for quantification of sperm binding. Error bars represent S.D. of n = 3 replicates, NS p>0.05, *** p<0.001. ( E , F , G and H ) Brightfield and fluorescence images of semen samples following addition of 3×10 10 blank NPs or anti-SPAM1 NPs. Scale bar = 50 µm.
Article Snippet: To target sperm, anti-sperm adhesion molecule 1 (anti-SPAM1) antibodies (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA) were biotinylated and complexed with avidin NPs.
Techniques: Zeta Potential Analyzer, Fluorescence, Incubation, Gradient Centrifugation, Control, Binding Assay